Understand how HIV is transmitted
HIV is transmitted through specific body fluids, including blood, semen, vaginal and rectal fluids, and breast milk. It is not spread through everyday contact such as hugging, sharing food, or using the same toilet. Accurate information helps reduce stigma and supports informed decisions.
Prevention options are available
Condoms, sterile injecting equipment, and medicines such as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) can reduce the risk of HIV in relevant circumstances. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) may prevent infection after a possible exposure, but it must be started as soon as possible and within 72 hours. Seek urgent medical advice after a potential exposure.
Testing is the only way to know
HIV tests differ in how soon they can detect infection after exposure. A healthcare professional or testing service can explain the appropriate test and whether a repeat test is needed after the window period. Do not rely on symptoms to determine HIV status.
Treatment allows people to live well
Antiretroviral therapy can control HIV and protect long-term health. People who maintain an undetectable viral load do not sexually transmit HIV (often summarized as U=U). Treatment decisions and monitoring should be made with qualified healthcare professionals.
Choose trustworthy support
Use national public-health services, established HIV organizations, or a qualified clinician for personalized advice. Avoid unproven cures and claims that promise to replace antiretroviral treatment.
A thoughtful next step
Use this guide as general educational information, consider your own circumstances, and consult reliable sources or a qualified professional when a decision affects your health or safety.